In ground segment architectures for SATCOM networks, which statement describes hub-and-spoke?

• A. Hub-and-spoke centralizes control at a hub with remote terminals.
• B. Hub-and-spoke requires many direct interconnections between remote terminals.
• C. Hub-and-spoke minimizes network control by distributing it evenly.
• D. Hub-and-spoke reduces resilience by avoiding a central hub.

Answer: (A)

Hub-and-spoke architecture centers control and traffic in a single hub. In a ground segment, remote terminals connect to that hub rather than directly to each other; the hub handles routing, session management, and overall network control, while terminals act as spokes that rely on the hub to reach the satellite and other sites. This centralization makes provisioning, management, and coordination simpler because there’s one central point to configure and monitor. The other descriptions describe different designs: direct interconnections among remote terminals would form a mesh rather than hub-and-spoke; distributing control evenly suggests a decentralized arrangement rather than centralization; and avoiding a central hub would defeat the hub-and-spoke pattern entirely, since the essence is the hub mediating all communications.